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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 1:09 am
Time: 1:09 am
Results for police shootings
6 results foundAuthor: Ross, Cody T. Title: A Multi-Level Bayesian Analysis of Racial Bias in Police Shootings at the County-Level in the United States, 2011-2014 Summary: A geographically-resolved, multi-level Bayesian model is used to analyze the data presented in the U.S. Police-Shooting Database (USPSD) in order to investigate the extent of racial bias in the shooting of American civilians by police officers in recent years. In contrast to previous work that relied on the FBI's Supplemental Homicide Reports that were constructed from self-reported cases of police-involved homicide, this data set is less likely to be biased by police reporting practices. County-specific relative risk outcomes of being shot by police are estimated as a function of the interaction of: 1) whether suspects/civilians were armed or unarmed, and 2) the race/ethnicity of the suspects/civilians. The results provide evidence of a significant bias in the killing of unarmed black Americans relative to unarmed white Americans, in that the probability of being {black, unarmed, and shot by police} is about 3.49 times the probability of being {white, unarmed, and shot by police} on average. Furthermore, the results of multi-level modeling show that there exists significant heterogeneity across counties in the extent of racial bias in police shootings, with some counties showing relative risk ratios of 20 to 1 or more. Finally, analysis of police shooting data as a function of county-level predictors suggests that racial bias in police shootings is most likely to emerge in police departments in larger metropolitan counties with low median incomes and a sizable portion of black residents, especially when there is high financial inequality in that county. There is no relationship between county-level racial bias in police shootings and crime rates (even race-specific crime rates), meaning that the racial bias observed in police shootings in this data set is not explainable as a response to local-level crime rates Details: PLOS One, 2015. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 30, 2016 at: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0141854.PDF Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0141854.PDF Shelf Number: 139900 Keywords: Deadly ForcePolice ShootingsPolice Use of ForceRacial BiasRacial DiscriminationRacial Profiling in Law Enforcement |
Author: Morrison, Caren Myers Title: Body Camera Obscura: The Semiotics of Police Video Summary: Our understanding of violent encounters between the police and civilians is now primarily mediated by video images. With surprising rapidity, recording these encounters has become an integral part of modern policing, sparking the current body camera bonanza. When these recordings are used as evidence in police use-of-force cases, the factfinders must decide whether the police officer's actions were "reasonable" under the Fourth Amendment. But there is an unrecognized fault line between "police video" (video recorded by the police in the course of their official duties) and "eyewitness video" (recorded by bystander-witnesses). Police video tends to recirculate dominant narratives of violence and masculinity as heroic ideals that coexist easily with the legal standard of the reasonable officer. In contrast, eyewitness videos typically offer the counter-narrative of an abusive state. These images have evidentiary value, but also cultural currency. They reflect back to us our feelings about violence, race, masculinity, and the law. This article proposes a descriptive critique of the use of video evidence in assessing the lawfulness of police violence. Using insights from semiotics, film criticism, cultural theory, and cognitive psychology, it attempts to sketch out a more nuanced way of approaching video evidence in the context of these cases. Details: Atlanta: Georgia State University - College of Law, 2016. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 30, 2016 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2826747 Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2826747 Shelf Number: 140085 Keywords: Body-Worn CamerasFourth AmendmentPolice AccountabilityPolice ShootingsPolice Use of ForceVideo Technology |
Author: Tosovic-Yamashiroya, Aleksandra Title: Overview of Post-Shooting Interventions with Chicago Police Officers: Suggestions for Intervention Improvements Summary: The work of a police officer involves frequent exposure to stressful and traumatic events. When it comes to the use of deadly force, many are impacted including those directly involved and their families, the law enforcement agency and often the whole community. Traumatic situations and the stress they produce have the potential of causing psychological harm, often exhibited in the form of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Essentially, a police shooting incident and its aftermath are among the most profound stressors for a police officer. This study gathered post-shooting intervention experiences of a sample of Chicago Police Department officers, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of post-shooting programmatic interventions. The findings announce an emerging new trend in police culture. Officers spoke to support received from family and friends as integral to their coping with post-shooting stress. Need for psycho-education on the potential psychological effects of a traumatic event among the police rank and file, more outreach, timely dissemination of services and support and services offered to family members of officers involved in shootings were identified by the officers. This study provides suggestions for future intervention improvements in post-shooting intervention programs within the law enforcement community. Details: Chicago: Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2015. 125p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 14, 2017 at: http://gradworks.umi.com/36/45/3645220.html Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://gradworks.umi.com/36/45/3645220.html Shelf Number: 146139 Keywords: Police ShootingsPolice Stress Police Trauma Police Use of Force Post-Traumatic-Stress-Disorder |
Author: Kochel, Tammy Rinehard Title: Views By St Louis County Residents Regarding the Police and Public Responses to the Shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri on August 9, 2014 Summary: In September and October 2014, trained interviewers from Southern Illinois University Carbondale spoke by phone with 389 people. 384 of these individuals are current residents of St. Louis County, MO that we previously had interviewed during 2012-2013, as part of a National Institute of Justice-funded study of hot spots policing. In order to be selected, residents had to reside in one of 71 hot spots of crime identified for that study. Thus, the sample is not representative of the county as a whole, but rather of high crime and disadvantaged communities in the County. Residents were predominantly African American (70%), had lower incomes, (48% made less than $25,000), were more likely to be single and never married (44%), and are disproportionately from the Northern part of the County. Residents we spoke to lived within .39 and 19.76 miles from the shooting incident. Five percent live within 1 mile, 25% live within 2 miles, half live within 4.38 miles, and 75% live within 5.45 miles of the location where Michael Brown was shot. Thus, these individuals live in close proximity to the initial incident and were undoubtedly experiencing the effects of the public and police response to the shooting. Table 1 below compares the sample to the residents of St Louis County overall. Details: Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2014. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 17, 2017 at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ccj_reports Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ccj_reports Shelf Number: 146227 Keywords: Hotspots Policing Police Hotspots Police ShootingsPolice-Community Relations Public Opinion |
Author: Wetchler, Everett Title: Fact Sheet: Officer-Involved Shootings and Custodial Deaths in Texas Summary: Since 2005, there have been 8,730 deaths of civilians in the custody of Texas law enforcement. In the past decade, officer-involved shootings in Texas have been on the rise. Data obtained from the Texas Office of the Attorney General shows that since Sept. 1, 2015, there have been 466 civilians shot by Texas law enforcement, and 78 officers have been shot. Officers involved in shootings skew younger and male than the general population of Texas law enforcement officers. Overall, most deaths that occur in Texas law enforcement custody are due to natural causes, but that nearly half of all deaths of inmates housed alone in a jail cell are suicides. Details: Austin, Texas: Texas Justice Initiative, 2018. 9p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 17, 2019 at: http://texasjusticeinitiative.org/publications/ Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1d2UBGXA_5YSv6TdcTZLrGe2X3zUBU3QR/view Shelf Number: 154986 Keywords: Deaths in CustodyJailOfficer Involved FatalitiesOfficer Involved ShootingsPolice Accountability Police BrutalityPolice ShootingsPolice Use of Deadly ForcePolice Use of Force Police-Citizen Encounters Suicide |
Author: Krieger, Nancy Title: Police Killings and police Deaths Are Public Health Data and Can Be Counted Summary: Summary Points - During the past year, the United States has experienced major controversies-and civil unrest-regarding the endemic problem of police violence and police deaths. - Although deaths of police officers are well documented, no reliable official US data exist on the number of persons killed by the police, in part because of long-standing and well-documented resistance of police departments to making these data public. - These deaths, however, are countable, as evidenced by "he Counted," a website launched on June 1, 2015, by the newspaper The Guardian, published in the United Kingdom, which quickly revealed that by June 9, 2015, over 500 people in the US had been killed by the police since January 1, 2015, twice what would be expected based on estimates from the US Federal Bureau of Intelligence (FBI). - Law-enforcement-related deaths, of both persons killed by law enforcement agents and also law enforcement agents killed in the line of duty, are a public health concern, not solely a criminal justice concern, since these events involve mortality and affect the well-being of the families and communities of the deceased; therefore, law-enforcement- related deaths are public health data, not solely criminal justice data. - We propose that law-enforcement-related deaths be treated as a notifiable condition, which would allow public health departments to report these data in real-time, at the local as well as national level, thereby providing data needed to understand and prevent the problem. Details: PLoS Medicine, 2015. 7p, Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 11, 2019 at: https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001915&type=printable Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001915&type=printable Shelf Number: 155359 Keywords: Deadly ForcePolice BrutalityPolice ShootingsPolice Use of ForcePublic Health Data |